The retreat of glaciers is one of the clearest evidences of the impact of climate change on the landscape at a global level. In the Tropical Andes, the retreat is greater than the world average, especially after 1970. Countries such as Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru will see the glaciers located at elevations below 5000 m.a.s.l. disappear almost entirely before 2100. This has been generating changes in the high Andean ecosystems and landscapes, opening colonization fronts for vegetation and fauna, the formation of new glacial lakes and alterations in the structure and dynamics of wetlands and other aquatic ecosystems throughout the range. At the other end of the continent to the south, a marked retreat of most glaciers in the southern Andes has been recorded, including 40 of the 50 glaciers in the Southern Continental Ice Field. Glaciers play an important role in the hydrological dynamics of the dry regions of the Andes, where they are important reservoirs of water for both rural and urban populations. In the Northern Andes, where glacier coverage is small and the climate is more humid, its influence on the basins is less; however, it is there where the retreat is most marked and the glaciers now only occupy the highest peaks; In the case of Venezuela, its last glacier on the Humboldt Peak, will disappear in a very short time. In addition to the impact on water resources and ecosystems, glacial retreat has important consequences for Andean societies, their heritage and cultural identity, and the tourism industry. The Strategic Agenda, on Adaptation to Climate Change in the Andes Mountains, considers among its objectives the taking of action to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on people through the strengthening of environmental monitoring systems, early warning and disaster risk management, among other priority actions.